Automation – Page 120
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Article
中国提前充电
政府新规划可能在中国新能源汽车市场掀起千层浪 — 中国已经是世界上最大的新能源汽车市场了中国政府已经决定，将这个世界上最大的汽车市场向电动车转型 — 这对OEM产品计划来说是简直是狂风骤雨。中国已经是最大的电动车机轻型卡车市场；据中国汽车制造商协会（CAAM）透露，2017年新能源汽车的生产及销量已经分别达到794,000辆和777,000辆，同比增长了53.8%和53.3%。但是政府对目前的增幅仍然不满意，认为转型电动车会有助于治理空气质量问题，同时还能降低对进口石油的依赖。为了这个目标，中国政府已经改变了电动车规划的方向。9月份，中国政府宣布了新的定额，迫使制造商保证到2019年为止，销售中的10%必须是电动车，一年之后要提高到12%。这个规定代替了问题百出的补贴方案，而且有一套信誉分数体系，这会根据每款电动车的系列和性能而不同。如果信誉不足，那么公司就要为每款老式在售汽车缴纳3,500美元的罚款。 通用汽车可能终止与LG Chem的合作，转而与 A123 Systems 合作分散风险中国之前就采取了软硬兼施的方法，比如北京和深圳等城市就限制在电动车上使用老式发动机。但是定额体系有些激进，实际上就是命令有些汽车制造商放弃生产线。中国想要在2025年以前电动车占汽车销售20%的比例，到2030年提高到50%。制造商们迅速反应，想要跟上这个目标，有些公司甚至动摇了合资关系。举例来说，福特公司最近打算结束与长安公司的合资关系，进而与众泰建立合作关系，在新的生产线上制造电动车。众泰汽车总部在上海南部的浙江省，因为Porsche Macan SUV的成功而著称。但是据全球销量综合网站Bestsellingcarblog.com公布的10月份数据显示，公司生产的小型车E200成为中国第六大畅销汽车。如果审批下来，福特和众泰将要在浙江省开设新工厂。福特公司预测，到2025年，中国市场中的电动车将超过400万辆。而大众汽车已经与安徽江淮汽车集团建立合资公司JAC，制造电动车，这是大众在华第三个合资关系。此外，宝马公司据称正在与长城汽车签订合约，电子Mini电动车，而不是现在的伙伴—华晨汽车。其他汽车制造商正在想尽办法网合资公司投资，制造电动车，比如雷诺日产。公司已经与东风汽车成立eGT新能源汽车公司，2019年将制造小型SUV电动车，这可能会是印度Kwid小型车的一个版本。通用汽车利用与上汽公司的合作，公司首席执行官Mary Barra称，合资公司努力到2025年，几乎在华销售的所有系列中都加上电动车。这些新的合作关系可能会是更好的选择。中国刑事分析公司Dunne Automotive公司董事长Michael Dunne在领英网站上表示，“见异思迁有两个极佳好处。”第一，公司可以通过电动车合资公司获得很多电气化信誉分数，其次他们将来可能会更好地利用新的合作关系。Dunne补充说，“通用和日产貌似在中国实行单一合作伙伴战略。这种方法危险系数很高，因为中国的合作伙伴对忠诚没有任何回报。” Nio于2017年10月在北京推出电动SUV汽车ES8 扩大吸引力任何分散风险的方法都比不上制造商在资金上的充分准备，起码在电动车的制造成本高于传功的内燃机汽车的时候要如此。中国鼓励电动车，甚至以汽车制造商的利益为代价。Financial Times在12月份的时候报道了Bernstein Reserch的数据，显示到2020年，制造商每辆电动车上会损失4,500美元，而届时购买补助会取消。Dunne预测，“在前几年里，所有人都会在电动车上亏损，每辆车数千美金，很多新兴公司会破产。中国的不认错的态度显示：通过电动车上亏损的途径跻身全球最大汽车市场。”新型电动车公司一直受到2009年推出的补助政策的蛊惑，而Dunne预测中国到2020年会在增加600亿美元来鼓励电动车销售，虽然长款电动车（电池更大）更受青睐。宝骏汽车E100两座汽车大获成功，这是通用汽车和上汽集团合资制造的。这促使外国公司为了分列市场不得不选择小型汽车。但是中国政府希望制造商把重点放在更加广泛的层面上，不仅仅是城市用车。补助政策在原有汽车制造商和新型公司都掀起千层浪，争先恐后地将新技术投入进来。据中国南方早报1月份出版的消息，2017年初有160家公司注册要制造新能源汽车。新闻中的主角是名为速达汽车的电动车制造商，2010年公司在河南省三门峡开设工厂，但是之后6年的销量却很不乐观。速达这么做只为了一个好处：公司是获得中国国家发改委（NDRC）批准从2016年3月开始生产新能源汽车的15家新公司之一。名单中还包括大众与江淮的合资公司，还有奇瑞、北京汽车旗下新公司，以及很多不知名的品牌，比如速达汽车、瑞典新能源汽车公司 — 公司从通用汽车手中购买萨博资产，但不包括名字。这些公司已经在制造电动车，比如市场领军比亚迪和北京汽车，他们的定动车系列城市用车已经入围2017年10月新能源排行榜，而且会一直制造下去。但是，缺乏电动车许可的新兴公司，比如在2017年末推出ES8 SUV电动车的Nio公司，以及Byton公司。后者还要与特斯拉（Tesla）竞争入围Alpine，而雷诺的专家可能会成为某种障碍。有些资金不够雄厚的公司有了许可证之后，就能与一些到公司合作。当地受益人特斯拉在采访中表示，要在中国自由贸易区建立全外资工厂。在自由区制造汽车的缺点就是仍然要缴纳25%的进口关税，却让北极星—沃尔沃新款高端电动车品牌受益，公司在成都有制造厂。公司在去年推出低产量插电式混合动力跑车，名为Polestar 1，并且计划2019年推出全电动轿车。特斯拉进退两难，这是中国保护主义另一个恶果。推行电动车造成的一个恶果就是让中国的电池制造商发家致富。Roland Berger报道称，中国销售的90%电动车的电池都是中国制造商的成果，因此诸如Panasonic，LG Chem和Samsung等外国制造商被排除在汽车动力国家补助范围之外，也就不足为奇了，尽管这些公司的电池也是在中国制造的。这让中国的制造商暴富。Roland Berger预测，到2019年，BYD和CATL成为继Panasonic和LG Chem之后第三大电池市场份额所有者，三者全球市场份额均为9%。中国的Lishen公司将于Samsung齐名位列第五，而Wanxiang（A123 System及Karma Automotive母公司）位列第七。制造商把电池视为商品，因此就有制造商得到暗示进行供应。比如通用汽车正在考虑将供应方从LG Chem转为A123 Systems。电动专用硬件供应商们正在发力增强在华实力。比如，加拿大的Magna公司要与Huayu（上海汽车公司旗下分公司）合作制造电动机。随着中国加大步伐推进国家计划，意想不到的法律事件将会层出不穷。但和往常一样，汽车制造商愿意接受这种困难，并继续朝着全球最大汽车市场前进。 Polestar是沃尔沃旗下新品牌，向市场推出高性能电动车。首批汽车将在成都制造。中国新兴电动车公司中国的电动车新型公司百花齐放，但是只有15家公司获得了政府的生产许可。（来源：Dunne Automotive）北汽新能源汽车公司（BAIC BJEV），是北京汽车旗下电动车制造公司 ，成立于2009年，制造很多电动车系列，因此许可证里必须是新公司。长江电动车（Changjiang EV Part），五龙电动车集团旗下分公司，也制造电池和电动公交车。公司总部在浙江省杭州。奇瑞新能源汽车（Chery NEV），奇瑞是中国最大的国有汽车制造商之一，制造很多电动车，因此许可证里也是新公司。深圳陆地方舟电动车（Greenwheel EV），公司官网上称该公司制造电动公交车、厢式车和电动汽车。哪吒新能源汽车（Hozon NEV），中国汽车资讯报道称，公司在浙江省嘉兴，2016年推出电动SUV概念车，2019年工厂竣工。江淮大众集团（JAC VW Group），这有可能是最大的公司，双方在6月份签订协议制造电动车，并提供移动服务。第一款汽车定于2018年生产。金康新能源汽车（Jinkang NEV），由重庆小康工业集团控股，后者是小型厢式车生产专家，同时也是电动车新兴公司SF Motors的母公司。江铃新能源汽车（JMC New Energy），这是江铃汽车旗下电动车生产公司，总部在江西省南城。公司的轻型卡车非常有名，将来会以“Blade Electric”品牌推出。敏安汽车（Min’An Auto），隶属汽车外饰供应商敏实集团（Minth Group）旗下，是首批获得电动车生产许可的公司。瑞典新能源汽车（New Energy ...
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ArticleRobot vision system
IntelliPICK3D sensors are pre-calibrated, come with an additional automated calibration of both sensor and robot as well as an intuitive menu, says Isra Vision, which is claimed to shorten set up times to just a few hours. The company says the system will handle varying container types and positions; in ...
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American Axle & Manufacturing and Drexler Automotive say they will now offer high-performance differentials and differential technologies from the premium market to the general market of passenger cars, light trucks, crossovers and SUVS.This expanded relationship sees the integration of electro-mechanical limited slip differentials (eLSDs) into the AAM TracRite family of ...
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ArticleZoltek expands carbon fibre plant
Hungary - The company has announced that it is increasing carbon fibre production by 50% at its facility in Nyergesújfalu. As a result, the plant will have an annual capacity of 15,000 tons.The expansion will cost around US$130m, and will generate 350 additional jobs. According to Yoshihiro Takeuchi, CEO, COO ...
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ArticleMagna works with BAIC on new EV
China - The supplier has announced that it is helping BAIC create a new smart electric vehicle (EV) architecture. It will be designed specifically for the Chinese market, which is currently the leading market for electrified vehicles with around 700,000 sold in 2017."We are proud to develop the next generation ...
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ArticleAshok Leyland plant marks milestone
India - The company recently announced that the 200,000th light commercial vehicle (LCV) rolled out of its Hosur plant in the Krishnagiri District. The facility has been making LCVs since the launch of the Dost in September 2011."Having 200,000 Ashok Leyland LCVs on the road in about six years is ...
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ArticleHBPO breaks ground on Vaihingen plant
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ArticleMahindra teams up with Ideal Motors
Sri Lanka - A joint venture (JV) has been established between the two companies in order to assemble vehicles at a new plant in Kalutara. Mahindra holds a 35% stake in the JV, while Ideal Motors holds 65%.Although Ideal Motors has been distributing Mahindra vehicles in the country for nine ...
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ArticleOpel Zaragoza plant hits milestone
Spain - The 13-millionth car, an Opel Crossland X, has rolled off a production at the plant. Zaragoza is the company's biggest production facility in Europe, and has been in operation since 1982."Our day to day focus is on how to get our customers the best product in the most ...
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UK - The OEM is readying for the launch of the new Opel/Vauxhall Vivaro, which is set to go on sale in 2019. In doing so, it has announced plans to invest in its Luton plant to expand production capacity from around 60,000 to 100,000 units. The company will also ...
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ArticleIsuzu establishes new engine factory
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ArticleQuestões materiais
Novos desenvolvimentos em policarbonato em aplicações automotivas oferecem um vislumbre sobre o futuro Conceito de carro elétrico Covestro inclui envidraçamento em policarbonatoProjetado em 1967, o K67 da Covestro (na época Bayer) mostrou como os plásticos poderiam ser usados para criar um carro de alto desempenho. Cinquenta anos depois, o fornecedor ...
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ArticleLições a aprender
À medida que a indústria automotiva muda, os fornecedores de OEMs e sistemistas precisam treinar e reter forças de trabalho qualificadas. A Audi recebe aproximadamente 800 aprendizes em suas duas unidades na Alemanha, em Ingolstadt e Neckarsulm, todos os anosA otimização dos processos de produção é uma tarefa incessante ...
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ArticleAshok Leyland constructs bus plant
India - The commercial vehicle manufacturer has broken ground at a new site in Mallavalli Village, which is situated in the Krishna District of Andhra Pradesh. It is building a new bus plant, which will be spread across 75 acres and will produce around 4,800 buses per year."This facility will ...
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ArticleMagna signs agreement with VinFast
Vietnam - The companies are working together on the development of two new VinFast models - an SUV and a sedan. Magna is providing complete engineering and development services for the Vietnamese OEM."This is a great example of how our experience with complete vehicles positions us to support new entrants ...
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ArticleSindelfingen starts GLA production
The news also represents the start of the pilot project 'Innovation Factory', in which production technologies are being tested before featuring in 'Factory 56'. This new factory is being built next to the existing production facilities at Sindelfingen."With the GLA, the Mercedes-Benz Sindelfingen plant is producing a compact model for ...
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